Certified Gastroenterology Registered Nurse Practice Exam

Pseudomembranous colitis is specifically characterized by the formation of plaques, which are composed of necrotic tissue, inflammatory cells, and mucin that deposit over areas of superficial ulceration within the colon. These plaques appear as yellowish-white, adherent layers on the bowel mucosa and are indicative of the underlying pathology often associated with Clostridioides difficile infection. The superficial ulcerations are inflammatory responses resulting from the disruption of the normal intestinal flora, leading to overgrowth of C. difficile and subsequent toxin production.

While other options suggest various types of materials, plaques are the defining feature of pseudomembranous colitis, and identifying these plaques is essential for diagnosis. Recognizing their presence plays a crucial role in understanding the severity and treatment requirements of the condition, as well as differentiating it from other forms of colitis that may have overlapping clinical features.