What life-threatening condition associated with ulcerative colitis involves acute dilation of the colon?

The life-threatening condition associated with ulcerative colitis that involves acute dilation of the colon is toxic megacolon. This condition is characterized by an extreme dilation of the colon, which can lead to colonic perforation and sepsis if not addressed promptly.

Toxic megacolon occurs as a complication of inflammatory conditions such as ulcerative colitis, where inflammation and ulceration of the colonic mucosa disrupt normal motility and muscle contraction. This results in an accumulation of gas and stools, leading to an increase in the size of the colon. Symptoms often include abdominal pain, distension, and symptoms indicating systemic illness such as fever and tachycardia.

Immediate medical intervention is critical in cases of toxic megacolon to prevent serious outcomes, such as perforation or life-threatening infection. Recognition of this condition is essential for healthcare providers, especially in patients with a known history of ulcerative colitis. The other options, while they may relate to gastrointestinal pathology, do not encompass the acute dilation of the colon in the context of ulcerative colitis.